Procedures performed in the proctology practice

• Anoscopic examination (for the diagnosis of internal haemorrhoids, rectal tears or inflammation of the rectal mucosa)
• Treatment of hemorrhoid problems (external and internal hemorrhoids), hemorrhoid ringing
• Histological sampling (biopsy)
• Condyloma removal

Hemorrhoids:

A haemorrhoid is a vasodilatation under the skin surrounding the anus (external haemorrhoids) or on the inner wall of the rectum (internal haemorrhoids). Internal haemorrhoids are usually painless, but bleeding on defecation may indicate their presence. A typical symptom of external haemorrhoids is pain, itching and sometimes bleeding during defecation. The complaints are mainly caused by a weakening of the surrounding connective tissue and muscle fibres.

Haemorrhoids can be caused by straining during defecation, poor diet (insufficient fluid intake, excessive alcohol consumption, spicy foods), obesity, connective tissue weaknesses or hormonal changes during pregnancy.

Rectal tear (fissure):

Rectal fissure is an erosion of the mucous membrane of the rectum, which in more severe cases can develop into a mucosal ulcer. The most common symptom is pain, which can be mild, sharp, burning or intensely biting and cramping. Bleeding may be a typical symptom. It can develop as a result of rectal inflammation, diarrhoea, constipation or birth trauma.

Rectal fistula (fistula):

A rectal fistula can develop following inflammation of the mucous glands in the rectum, where bacteria in the intestine first form an abscess by passing through the intestinal wall and then bursting out into the skin to form a duct. The most common symptoms are a tightening pain and intermittent (with small or large interruptions) discharge of pus and blood. If it develops into an abscess, it can damage the function of the anal sphincter.

Condyloma:

A condyloma is a wart caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV virus) that can appear around the anus and on the genitals. After a proctological examination, several methods of removal can be used: removal by freezing with liquid nitrogen, removal by laser, excision with a scalpel, brushing and cauterisation.